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Un méli-mélo de parasites !

October 22nd 2018

La science peut parfois accrocher les regards, notamment au moyen d’une image. C’est le cas de cette photographie, prise par Daniel Monteyne et David Pérez-Morga, chercheurs au Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire (IBMM) et au Centre de microscopie et d'imagerie moléculaire (CMMI) du Biopark. Il s’agit d’une photographie en microscopie électronique à balayage, effectuée avec le microscope ESEM Quanta 200 F, disponible au CMMI. Cette photographie a gagné le prix mensuel de juillet « Thermo Fisher Microscopy » : une reconnaissance dans le milieu de la microscopie électronique.

Les trypanosomes, en bleu sur cette photographie, sont des parasites responsables de la maladie du sommeil, endémique en Afrique centrale et en Afrique de l’ouest. Mesurant 15 à 20 microns, ces parasites sont représentés ici au centre d’un mince vaisseau sanguin (en vert) aux côtés de globules rouges trois fois plus petits qu’eux. Au plus fort de l’infection, on peut compter jusqu’à 1 million de trypanosomes par millilitre de sang !

David Pérez-Morga et ses collègues étudient notamment la manière dont ce parasite résiste et interagit avec les défenses immunitaires, ainsi que les molécules capables de les tuer. Les chercheurs ont entre autres découvert au fil de leurs recherches que la résistance aux trypanosomes africains est liée à des maladies rénales chroniques. Ces maladies sont fréquemment observées dans les populations ouest africaines résistantes au trypanosome. Les trypanosomes ont donc impacté l’évolution humaine de cette région du globe : pas mal pour de petits parasites microscopiques !

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